Frontiers in pediatrics · 2026
Prognostic factors for pediatric sudden sensorineural hearing loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
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Wu Zongyi, Zhang Peili, Sun Jianjun, Diao Mingfang
Аннотация
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify prognostic factors influencing hearing recovery in children with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL), thereby providing a reference for developing prevention strategies and optimizing therapeutic interventions.
METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and SinoMed databases to identify relevant studies published prior to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed pediatric patients with SSNHL (<18 years old) who had clearly documented audiological outcomes. We extracted data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, and treatment regimens to investigate the association between prognostic factors and hearing recovery.
RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 1,006 patients from 13 studies. The combined rates for partial and complete hearing recovery were 19.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.6-25.7%, I² = 80.63%] and 18.6% (95% CI: 12.2-25.1%, I² = 85.99%), respectively. Better prognosis was associated with unilateral hearing loss [odds ratio (OR): 2.741, P = 0.004], age >12 years (OR: 1.911, P = 0.034), treatment delay ≤ 14 days (OR: 6.402, P < 0.001), and an ascending audiogram curve (OR: 6.910, P < 0.001). Conversely, poorer outcomes were associated with profound hearing loss curves (OR: 0.376, P < 0.001) and initial pure-tone average (PTA) thresholds >80 dB HL (OR: 0.451, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Early intervention (≤14 days) and targeted treatment for profound hearing loss (PTA > 80 dB HL) hold promise for improving pediatric outcomes. Systemic inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and age-specific pathophysiological mechanisms warrant further investigation. Conducting multicenter prospective studies is essential to validate these findings and establish standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for pediatric SSNHL.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024612409, CRD42024612409.
METHODS: We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, CNKI, and SinoMed databases to identify relevant studies published prior to 2024. Inclusion criteria encompassed pediatric patients with SSNHL (<18 years old) who had clearly documented audiological outcomes. We extracted data on demographic characteristics, clinical features, and treatment regimens to investigate the association between prognostic factors and hearing recovery.
RESULTS: This meta-analysis included 1,006 patients from 13 studies. The combined rates for partial and complete hearing recovery were 19.6% [95% confidence interval (CI): 13.6-25.7%, I² = 80.63%] and 18.6% (95% CI: 12.2-25.1%, I² = 85.99%), respectively. Better prognosis was associated with unilateral hearing loss [odds ratio (OR): 2.741, P = 0.004], age >12 years (OR: 1.911, P = 0.034), treatment delay ≤ 14 days (OR: 6.402, P < 0.001), and an ascending audiogram curve (OR: 6.910, P < 0.001). Conversely, poorer outcomes were associated with profound hearing loss curves (OR: 0.376, P < 0.001) and initial pure-tone average (PTA) thresholds >80 dB HL (OR: 0.451, P = 0.005).
CONCLUSION: Early intervention (≤14 days) and targeted treatment for profound hearing loss (PTA > 80 dB HL) hold promise for improving pediatric outcomes. Systemic inflammatory markers (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) and age-specific pathophysiological mechanisms warrant further investigation. Conducting multicenter prospective studies is essential to validate these findings and establish standardized diagnostic and treatment protocols for pediatric SSNHL.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024612409, CRD42024612409.