[Chemobiology at happy hour: yeast as a model for pharmacological screening].

Since its discovery and description by Louis Pasteur, the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which was used for thousands of years for alcoholic fermentation and as a leavening agent, has become a popular model system in biology. One of the reasons for this popularity is the strong conservation from yeast to human of most of the pathways controlling cell growth and fate. In addition, at least 30 % of human genes involved in diseases have a functional homolog in yeast. Hence, yeast is now widely used for modelling and deciphering physiopathological mechanisms as well as for developing pharmacological approaches like phenotype-based drug screening. Three examples of such yeast-based chemobiological studies are presented.