Association of current and former smoking with body mass index: A study of smoking discordant twin pairs from 21 twin cohorts.
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Piirtola Maarit, Jelenkovic Aline, Latvala Antti, Sund Reijo, Honda Chika, Inui Fujio, Watanabe Mikio, Tomizawa Rie, Iwatani Yoshinori, Ordoñana Juan R, Sánchez-Romera Juan F, Colodro-Conde Lucia, Tarnoki Adam D, Tarnoki David L, Martin Nicholas G, Montgomery Grant W, Medland Sarah E, Rasmussen Finn, Tynelius Per, Tan Qihua, Zhang Dongfeng, Pang Zengchang, Rebato Esther, Stazi Maria A, Fagnani Corrado, Brescianini Sonia, Busjahn Andreas, Harris Jennifer R, Brandt Ingunn, Nilsen Thomas Sevenius, Cutler Tessa L, Hopper John L, Corley Robin P, Huibregtse Brooke M, Sung Joohon, Kim Jina, Lee Jooyeon, Lee Sooji, Gatz Margaret, Butler David A, Franz Carol E, Kremen William S, Lyons Michael J, Magnusson Patrik K E, Pedersen Nancy L, Dahl Aslan Anna K, Öncel Sevgi Y, Aliev Fazil, Derom Catherine A, Vlietinck Robert F, Loos Ruth J F, Silberg Judy L, Maes Hermine H, Boomsma Dorret I, Sørensen Thorkild I A, Korhonen Tellervo, Kaprio Jaakko, Silventoinen Karri
Аннотация
METHODS AND FINDINGS: The international CODATwins database includes information on smoking and BMI measured between 1960 and 2012 from 156,593 twin individuals 18-69 years of age. Individual-based data (230,378 measurements) and data of smoking discordant twin pairs (altogether 30,014 pairwise measurements, 36% from monozygotic [MZ] pairs) were analysed with linear fixed-effects regression models by 10-year periods. In MZ pairs, the smoking co-twin had, on average, 0.57 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.49, 0.70) and 0.65 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (95% CI: 0.52, 0.79) than the never smoking co-twin. Former smokers had 0.70 kg/m2 higher BMI among men (95% CI: 0.63, 0.78) and 0.62 kg/m2 higher BMI among women (95% CI: 0.51, 0.73) than their currently smoking MZ co-twins. Little difference in BMI was observed when comparing former smoking co-twins with their never smoking MZ co-twins (0.13 kg/m2, 95% CI 0.04, 0.23 among men; -0.04 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.16, 0.09 among women). The associations were similar within dizygotic pairs and when analysing twins as individuals. The observed series of cross-sectional associations were independent of sex, age, and measurement decade.
CONCLUSIONS: Smoking is associated with lower BMI and smoking cessation with higher BMI. However, the net effect of smoking and subsequent cessation on weight development appears to be minimal, i.e. never more than an average of 0.7 kg/m2.