Journal of clinical periodontology · 2026
Salivary Microvesicle Methylome and Microbiome Profiles in Periodontitis: An Exploratory Study.
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Han Pingping, Seneviratne Chaminda, Zhao Qiongyi, Salomon Carlos, Li Xiang, Ivanovski Sašo
Аннотация
AIM: Salivary microvesicles (MVs) are nanosized extracellular vesicles from the host and microbiota whose cargo may mirror the biological state of their parent cells. This cross-sectional study aimed to explore the diagnostic power of host methylome and microbiome profiles of MVs in various periodontal disease states.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This exploratory study recruited 20 healthy, 16 gingivitis and 26 stage III/IV periodontitis cases. The origins of salivary host-MVs were identified using a multiplex extracellular vesicle (EV) kit. The microbiome and host methylome profiles of MV DNA were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq), respectively.
RESULTS: The periodontitis group showed increased CD63+, CD45+, CD29+ and CD24+ MV subpopulations (AUC > 0.7), along with significantly higher bacterial outer membrane vesicles (AUC > 0.89) from Treponema, Fretibacterium and Treponema denticola, compared to both healthy and gingivitis groups, as well as the non-periodontitis (combining healthy and gingivitis) group. MeDIP-seq identified 1196 differentially methylated regions across 3' UTRs, CDS, introns and intergenic regions (AUC > 0.9), distinguishing periodontitis from the other groups. These methylated genes were enriched in inflammation-related pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways.
CONCLUSION: This exploratory study found that host methylome and microbiome profiles in salivary MVs reflect periodontal disease status, and hence supports their potential as non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: This exploratory study recruited 20 healthy, 16 gingivitis and 26 stage III/IV periodontitis cases. The origins of salivary host-MVs were identified using a multiplex extracellular vesicle (EV) kit. The microbiome and host methylome profiles of MV DNA were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing and methylated DNA immunoprecipitation sequencing (MeDIP-seq), respectively.
RESULTS: The periodontitis group showed increased CD63+, CD45+, CD29+ and CD24+ MV subpopulations (AUC > 0.7), along with significantly higher bacterial outer membrane vesicles (AUC > 0.89) from Treponema, Fretibacterium and Treponema denticola, compared to both healthy and gingivitis groups, as well as the non-periodontitis (combining healthy and gingivitis) group. MeDIP-seq identified 1196 differentially methylated regions across 3' UTRs, CDS, introns and intergenic regions (AUC > 0.9), distinguishing periodontitis from the other groups. These methylated genes were enriched in inflammation-related pathways, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) pathways.
CONCLUSION: This exploratory study found that host methylome and microbiome profiles in salivary MVs reflect periodontal disease status, and hence supports their potential as non-invasive liquid biopsy biomarkers for periodontitis.