Anomalous Systemic Arterial Supply to the Left Basal Segment With Arterial Dissection of the Feeding Artery: A Case Report and Literature Review.

Anomalous systemic arterial supply to the left basal segment is a rare congenital vascular anomaly, particularly when complicated by dissection of the feeding artery. This case report aims to present a unique instance of this condition and to review relevant literature. We present a young patient who was hospitalized with sudden chest pain, leading to the discovery of an anomalous artery originating from the thoracic aorta that supplied blood to the basal segment of the left inferior lobe of the lung, accompanied by dissection of the feeding artery. The patient underwent successful surgical resection of the anomalous vessel via thoracotomy, and postoperative recovery was unremarkable during follow-up evaluations. This case highlights the importance of recognizing anomalous systemic arterial supply as a potential cause of acute chest pain and underscores the need for timely surgical intervention.