International journal of clinical pediatric dentistry · 2025
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Phytoextract from Leucas aspera as a Root Canal Irrigant in Primary Tooth: In Vitro Study.
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Pragadesh G, Srinivasan Daya, Abishek C B, Sujathadevi B K
Аннотация
AIM AND BACKGROUND: Root canal irrigation is a critical step in pediatric endodontics, where an ideal irrigant should exhibit potent antimicrobial properties while maintaining biocompatibility. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) is widely used for its strong antimicrobial efficacy, but its cytotoxic effects raise concerns, especially in pediatric patients. Leucas aspera (L. aspera), a medicinal plant known for its antimicrobial properties, is explored as a potential alternative to 1% NaOCl. This study aims to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy and cytotoxicity of L. aspera extract and 1% NaOCl as root canal irrigants in pediatric dentistry.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antimicrobial efficacy of L. aspera and 1% NaOCl was assessed using the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), zone of inhibition (ZOI) test against Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) to determine cell viability. IC50 values (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were calculated for both irrigants to compare their toxicity levels.
RESULTS: Antimicrobial efficacy- L. aspera exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to 1% NaOCl against tested pathogens, highlighting its potent antibacterial properties. Cytotoxicity analysis-The MTT assay showed that L. aspera demonstrated significantly higher cell viability than NaOCl. However, NaOCl's antimicrobial effectiveness is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations yielding greater bacterial inhibition but also increased cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSION: NaOCl's antimicrobial efficacy is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations providing greater bacterial inhibition but also increasing cytotoxic effects. One percent NaOCl is chosen for pediatric dentistry as it offers a balance between antimicrobial effectiveness and safety. Although L. aspera exhibited superior antimicrobial activity than 1% NaOCl and better cytotoxicity results in the MTT assay, further studies are needed to explore its potential as a clinically viable alternative.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of L. aspera as a root canal irrigant in pediatric dentistry could minimize cytotoxic risks while maintaining effective microbial control. This could lead to safer and more biocompatible endodontic treatments in children, reducing potential postoperative complications associated with NaOCl.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Pragadesh G, Srinivasan D, Abishek CB, et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Phytoextract from Leucas aspera as a Root Canal Irrigant in Primary Tooth: In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1378-1384.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The antimicrobial efficacy of L. aspera and 1% NaOCl was assessed using the MIC (minimum inhibitory concentration), zone of inhibition (ZOI) test against Enterococcus faecalis, Candida albicans, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. Cytotoxicity was evaluated through the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSC) to determine cell viability. IC50 values (half-maximal inhibitory concentration) were calculated for both irrigants to compare their toxicity levels.
RESULTS: Antimicrobial efficacy- L. aspera exhibited superior antimicrobial activity compared to 1% NaOCl against tested pathogens, highlighting its potent antibacterial properties. Cytotoxicity analysis-The MTT assay showed that L. aspera demonstrated significantly higher cell viability than NaOCl. However, NaOCl's antimicrobial effectiveness is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations yielding greater bacterial inhibition but also increased cytotoxicity.
CONCLUSION: NaOCl's antimicrobial efficacy is concentration-dependent, with higher concentrations providing greater bacterial inhibition but also increasing cytotoxic effects. One percent NaOCl is chosen for pediatric dentistry as it offers a balance between antimicrobial effectiveness and safety. Although L. aspera exhibited superior antimicrobial activity than 1% NaOCl and better cytotoxicity results in the MTT assay, further studies are needed to explore its potential as a clinically viable alternative.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The use of L. aspera as a root canal irrigant in pediatric dentistry could minimize cytotoxic risks while maintaining effective microbial control. This could lead to safer and more biocompatible endodontic treatments in children, reducing potential postoperative complications associated with NaOCl.
HOW TO CITE THIS ARTICLE: Pragadesh G, Srinivasan D, Abishek CB, et al. Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy and Cytotoxicity of Phytoextract from Leucas aspera as a Root Canal Irrigant in Primary Tooth: In Vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2025;18(11):1378-1384.