Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology · 2010
Rhinovirus-infected nasal polyp epithelial cells: effect on the activation and migration of eosinophils by airborne fungi.
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Jang Yong Ju, Lee Young-Ho, Shin Seung-Heon
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Rhinovirus and fungi are common environmental factors able to induce airway inflammation. They are associated with the production of chemical mediators by direct activation of epithelial cells.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fungal stimulation of rhinovirus-infected nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) on the activation and migration of eosinophils.
METHODS: Rhinovirus-infected NPECs were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus for 48 hours. Then, epithelial cells were co-cultured with freshly isolated eosinophils. An eosinophil migration study was performed with epithelial cell-conditioned media. Interleukin 6, interleukin 8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor levels were measured to determine the activation of cells.
RESULTS: Airborne fungi enhanced the production of cytokines from rhinovirus 16-infected NPECs compared with fungi stimulation or rhinovirus 16 infection alone. Rhinovirus 16-infected NPECs were co-cultured with eosinophils, and cytokine production was not significantly increased except tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by Aspergillus. Epithelial cell-conditioned media, which were stimulated with fungi, enhanced the migration of eosinophils.
CONCLUSIONS: There was some synergism between rhinovirus 16 infection and airborne fungal exposure, enhancing the inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells.
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of fungal stimulation of rhinovirus-infected nasal polyp epithelial cells (NPECs) on the activation and migration of eosinophils.
METHODS: Rhinovirus-infected NPECs were stimulated with Alternaria and Aspergillus for 48 hours. Then, epithelial cells were co-cultured with freshly isolated eosinophils. An eosinophil migration study was performed with epithelial cell-conditioned media. Interleukin 6, interleukin 8, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, and tumor necrosis factor levels were measured to determine the activation of cells.
RESULTS: Airborne fungi enhanced the production of cytokines from rhinovirus 16-infected NPECs compared with fungi stimulation or rhinovirus 16 infection alone. Rhinovirus 16-infected NPECs were co-cultured with eosinophils, and cytokine production was not significantly increased except tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by Aspergillus. Epithelial cell-conditioned media, which were stimulated with fungi, enhanced the migration of eosinophils.
CONCLUSIONS: There was some synergism between rhinovirus 16 infection and airborne fungal exposure, enhancing the inflammatory response of airway epithelial cells.