Experimental of thermal field and human activities on particle distribution of home peritoneal dialysis environments in winter.

The thermal environment is a critical factor for the safety of home peritoneal dialysis (PD), where sterile procedures are repeatedly performed under winter heating conditions. Yet, little is known about how thermal fields influence airborne particle dynamics in such settings. In this study, a full-scale experimental chamber was constructed to reproduce a typical winter PD room. Representative activities, including cleaning, window opening, air-conditioning operation, and walking, were systematically examined under controlled thermal conditions. Particle concentrations, temperature stratification, and airflow patterns were continuously monitored. Results show that cleaning-induced resuspension delays particle settling, requiring at least 25 min for recovery. medium air supply established a stable thermal field that balanced heating efficiency with particle control, while high speed generated turbulence and increased PM2.5 by more than 40 %. Short-time natural ventilation disrupted the thermal barrier, elevating PM2.5 by 17 % and prolonging coarse particle suspension. Repeated human entries produced cumulative effects, with three entries raising fine particle levels by 47 %. The thermal environment has a significant impact on particle distribution and exposure risk. Stable stratification improves air cleanliness, whereas air-conditioning and window opening disturb stratification and increase aerosol exposure. The observed thermal and aerosol interactions provide experimental evidence and practical strategies to strengthen thermal regulation and reduce infection risk in home peritoneal dialysis.