Monocular Painless Vision Loss in the Emergency Department: Multipurpose Utility of Point-of-Care Ultrasound.

BACKGROUND

Eye-related symptoms are a common presentation in the emergency department (ED). The cases range from simple viral conjunctivitis to trauma-related eye injuries. One pathological condition that could lead to vision loss is retinal artery occlusion (RAO). Evaluating a patient with an eye symptom requires thorough eye examination and advanced imaging in certain instances. Consultation with an ophthalmologist is also necessary for cases that require treatment recommendations and further testing. In the ED, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a commonly used diagnostic tool that can be used for ocular examination.

CASE REPORT: We reported a case of a 60-year-old man who presented with painless partial right-eye vision loss. POCUS showed decreased flow in the right central retinal artery with an area of the pale retina seen on the image from the retinal camera, suggesting a possible branch RAO. Further examination with POCUS showed plaque formation at the carotid bifurcation, a potential cause of the patient's symptoms. WHY SHOULD AN EMERGENCY PHYSICIAN BE AWARE OF THIS?: Emergency physicians and other providers should be encouraged to use POCUS to diagnose eye symptoms accurately and promptly. Abnormal findings will prompt immediate specialty consult and early appropriate management. Our case and other reported cases highlight POCUS's reliability and rapid diagnostic ability.