Prolonged activation of nasal immune cell populations and development of tissue-resident SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cell responses following COVID-19.
СтатьяНаблюдательное исследованиеПоддержка исследования: вне правительства СШАНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
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Roukens Anna H E, Pothast Cilia R, König Marion, Huisman Wesley, Dalebout Tim, Tak Tamar, Azimi Shohreh, Kruize Yvonne, Hagedoorn Renate S, Zlei Mihaela, Staal Frank J T, de Bie Fenna J, van Dongen Jacques J M, Arbous Sesmu M, Zhang Jaimie L H, Verheij Maaike, Prins Corine, van der Does Anne M, Hiemstra Pieter S, de Vries Jutte J C, Janse Jacqueline J, Roestenberg Meta, Myeni Sebenzile K, Kikkert Marjolein, Yazdanbakhsh Maria, Heemskerk Mirjam H M, Smits Hermelijn H, Jochems Simon P, in collaboration with BEAT-COVID group, in collaboration with COVID-19 LUMC group
Аннотация
Systemic immune cell dynamics during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are extensively documented, but these are less well studied in the (upper) respiratory tract, where severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replicates1-6. Here, we characterized nasal and systemic immune cells in individuals with COVID-19 who were hospitalized or convalescent and compared the immune cells to those seen in healthy donors. We observed increased nasal granulocytes, monocytes, CD11c+ natural killer (NK) cells and CD4+ T effector cells during acute COVID-19. The mucosal proinflammatory populations positively associated with peripheral blood human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DRlow monocytes, CD38+PD1+CD4+ T effector (Teff) cells and plasmablasts. However, there was no general lymphopenia in nasal mucosa, unlike in peripheral blood. Moreover, nasal neutrophils negatively associated with oxygen saturation levels in blood. Following convalescence, nasal immune cells mostly normalized, except for CD127+ granulocytes and CD38+CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM). SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells persisted at least 2 months after viral clearance in the nasal mucosa, indicating that COVID-19 has both transient and long-term effects on upper respiratory tract immune responses.