Relationship between lifestyle, body composition, and psychological well-being in individuals with severe mental disorders: A comprehensive analysis.

Severe mental disorders (SMD) are associated with a reduced life expectancy, influenced by factors such as obesity, sedentary behavior, poor nutrition, and social challenges, including stigma. Individuals with SMD face significant deficiencies in physical, psychological, and social health, with implications for their overall quality of life and well-being. Although these dimensions have been explored separately, there are few studies that integrate these variables to understand their interactions and guide more effective interventions. In this study, bioimpedance measurements, validated physical tests, and psychometric scales were used on a sample of 311 individuals with SMD, aged 18-68 years, from the Andalusia region (Southern Spain). Physical variables (fat mass, visceral fat, lean mass), eating habits, physical activity levels, and psychological variables (mental well-being and quality of life) were assessed. The results revealed high levels of body and visceral fat, insufficient lean mass, unbalanced diets with high consumption of ultra-processed foods, low levels of physical activity, and reduced scores in mental well-being and quality of life. Notably, linear regression analyses showed that time spent on physical activity was the only significant predictor of mental well-being and quality of life, while other measured variables did not show a significant effect. This highlights the unique contribution of physical activity in improving psychological outcomes for individuals with SMD. These findings underscore the need for comprehensive programs that combine strategies to improve diet, physical activity, and psychological well-being, promoting sustainable and effective physical activity programs to enhance the quality of life of individuals with SMD.