The application of exosomes derived by mesenchymal stem cell from different tissues in the management of Alzheimer's disease.

With the intensifying global trend of population aging, the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) faces significant challenges. Current therapeutic approaches can only temporarily alleviate symptoms without halting or reversing disease progression. Numerous studies on mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-Exos) suggest that, compared to stem cell therapy, MSC-Exos offer considerable advantages in the treatment of AD. This review examines the various mechanisms by which exosomes produced from MSCs function as therapeutic agents for AD. Additionally, it provides a concise overview of the research conducted on MSC-Exos for AD, categorized by tissue source. The text also provides an account of the ongoing clinical trials involving MSC-Exos and examines their benefits, drawbacks, and potential avenues for future research.