Correlation Between Dental Age, Chronological Age, and Cervical Vertebral Maturation in Patients with Class II Malocclusion: A Retrospective Study in a Romanian Population Group.

Background/

Objectives

The relationship between chronological age, dental age, and cervical vertebral maturation is critical for assessing the reliability of dental age as an indicator of skeletal age and for identifying the patient's growth peak. This assessment facilitates the planning of appropriate orthodontic-orthopedic treatment.

Methods

This retrospective observational study analyzed data from the Clinical Department of Orthodontics and Dento-Facial Orthopedics in Cluj-Napoca, Romania. The sample included 73 patients with Class II malocclusion (31 males and 42 females), with data obtained from orthopantomography and lateral cephalometric radiographs. Dental age was evaluated using both the Demirjian method and the Chronology of Eruption method. Skeletal age was determined based on Baccetti's cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) staging method.

Results

A strong and statistically significant correlation was found between cervical vertebral maturation and chronological age (r = 0.81, p < 0.001), as well as between cervical vertebral maturation and dental age assessed using the Demirjian method (rs = 0.72, p < 0.001). Additionally, a significant correlation was observed between cervical vertebral maturation and dental age assessed using the Chronology of Eruption method (rs = 0.78, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

The correlation found between dental age and skeletal maturity suggests that dental age (DA) assessment might serve as a supplementary tool for estimating a patient's growth peak in Class II malocclusion cases. Future research exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in panoramic radiograph analysis could improve the accuracy and consistency of DA assessment, contributing to more reliable skeletal maturity evaluations.