Medical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux in the neonatal intensive care unit: current practice.

OBJECTIVE

To determine current prescribing practice of acid-suppressive therapy in preterm infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).

STUDY

DESIGN

Cohort study of infants 22 to 27 weeks gestation discharged from Pediatrix Medical Group NICUs between 2015 and 2020.

RESULTS

Of 13,735 infants meeting inclusion criteria, 11% were exposed to acid-suppressive therapy during hospitalization, with 3% of those treated on the day of discharge. Exposed infants had lower birthweights (BW) (p < 0.001). 42% of infants exposed to acid-suppressive therapy received a gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) diagnosis (p < 0.001). Median (25th-75th percentile) duration of use was 7 (4-14) days. Use decreased overall during the 5-year period (p < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

Acid-suppressive therapies are used commonly in preterm infants and receipt is higher in infants with lower BWs. Use has significantly decreased over time and appears to be targeted, with many infants treated for one-week courses and without a diagnosis of GERD.