AJPM focus · 2026
Opioid Misuse and Asthma and Allergic Diseases in College Students: The Role of Race and Ethnicity.
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Qeadan Fares, Beaudin Stephane, Arshad Aisha, Barbeau William A
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Opioid misuse, asthma, and allergies are major drivers of morbidity in the U.S. and are disproportionately distributed by race/ethnicity. Emerging evidence suggests that opioid misuse may be linked to an increased risk of asthma and allergic diseases. This study estimates the prevalence and association of opioid misuse, asthma, and allergies in a national sample of U.S. college students and assesses whether race/ethnicity, gender, and age modify this association.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the 2019-2024 American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment IIIb was conducted. The prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of asthma, environmental allergies, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies by self-reported opioid misuse was estimated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the AORs. Interaction terms between opioid misuse and race/ethnicity, gender, and age were estimated to test for effect modification.
RESULTS: In a sample of 535,909 college students, the prevalence of asthma, environmental allergies, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies was 21.5%, 34.6%, 14.8%, and 17.1%, respectively, among students who reported opioid misuse. Race/ethnicity was a significant effect modifier of the association between opioid misuse and asthma (p=0.0329), food allergies (p=0.0032), and pet/animal allergies (p<0.0001). Opioid misuse was generally associated with higher odds of asthma and allergic outcomes, with particularly strong associations for asthma, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies in selected racial/ethnic groups. Among non-Hispanic Asian or Asian American students, the AORs were 1.47 (95% CI=1.23, 1.74) for asthma, 1.53 (95% CI=1.28, 1.82) for food allergies, and 1.71 (95% CI=1.44, 2.03) for pet/animal allergies.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional epidemiologic evidence of a link between opioid misuse and asthma and allergic diseases in a large sample of mostly young adult college students. Evidence of effect modification by race/ethnicity highlights potential social and environmental exposures that contribute to the link between opioids and asthma/allergies.
METHODS: A cross-sectional study using data from the 2019-2024 American College Health Association's National College Health Assessment IIIb was conducted. The prevalence of self-reported diagnoses of asthma, environmental allergies, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies by self-reported opioid misuse was estimated. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate the AORs. Interaction terms between opioid misuse and race/ethnicity, gender, and age were estimated to test for effect modification.
RESULTS: In a sample of 535,909 college students, the prevalence of asthma, environmental allergies, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies was 21.5%, 34.6%, 14.8%, and 17.1%, respectively, among students who reported opioid misuse. Race/ethnicity was a significant effect modifier of the association between opioid misuse and asthma (p=0.0329), food allergies (p=0.0032), and pet/animal allergies (p<0.0001). Opioid misuse was generally associated with higher odds of asthma and allergic outcomes, with particularly strong associations for asthma, food allergies, and pet/animal allergies in selected racial/ethnic groups. Among non-Hispanic Asian or Asian American students, the AORs were 1.47 (95% CI=1.23, 1.74) for asthma, 1.53 (95% CI=1.28, 1.82) for food allergies, and 1.71 (95% CI=1.44, 2.03) for pet/animal allergies.
CONCLUSIONS: This study provides additional epidemiologic evidence of a link between opioid misuse and asthma and allergic diseases in a large sample of mostly young adult college students. Evidence of effect modification by race/ethnicity highlights potential social and environmental exposures that contribute to the link between opioids and asthma/allergies.