The journal of sexual medicine · 2026
A sound approach: scoping review of adult lower urinary tract foreign body recognition and management.
СтатьяScoping ReviewНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
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Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
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Farias Anthony, Defauwes Noah, Cruz Julian, Perez Andrew, Prabhakar Pushan, Martinez Daniel
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Insertion of foreign bodies into the lower urinary tract by adults is an uncommon but clinically important presentation encountered by urologists and emergency providers across a range of motivations. Retained or migrated objects can lead to serious complications including infection, calculus formation, and urethral trauma, often necessitating careful and complex management.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Because only published, de-identified case material was used, institutional review board approval was not required. PubMed was searched using the terms "urethral foreign bodies" and "urethral sounding." We included published case reports and case series of adults (≥18 years) presenting with foreign body insertion into the lower urinary tract, regardless of stated motivation. Extracted variables included patient age, sex, symptoms, object, location, stated motivation, prior medical history, and management. Categories were compiled in a spreadsheet, summarized as counts and percentages, and the results were visualized using graphs and tables.
RESULTS: A total of 122 reports (151 patients) were analyzed, with 86% male patients, most aged 21-50 (59%). The most common symptoms were dysuria (35%), abdominal/pubic pain (21%), and hematuria (19%). Foreign bodies were most frequently located in the urethra (42.4%) and bladder (30.5%). Autoeroticism was the most commonly recorded motivation (38%); the remaining 62% comprised a range of other or unspecified motivations. X-rays were the most frequently used imaging modality (64%). Management was primarily minimally invasive (45%), though open surgery was required in 39.1% of cases. Most patients (78.1%) experienced no post-procedural complications.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights that lower urinary tract foreign body cases predominantly involve male patients and are most commonly associated with autoerotic behavior. Presentations are variable but generally manageable, with minimally invasive approaches frequently effective and low rates of post-procedural complications. These findings support a generally favorable prognosis when appropriately managed. However, the available evidence is limited by its retrospective nature, publication bias, and inconsistent reporting of patient motives and long-term outcomes, underscoring the need for more standardized and comprehensive data collection.
METHODS: We conducted a scoping review following the PRISMA extension for Scoping Reviews. Because only published, de-identified case material was used, institutional review board approval was not required. PubMed was searched using the terms "urethral foreign bodies" and "urethral sounding." We included published case reports and case series of adults (≥18 years) presenting with foreign body insertion into the lower urinary tract, regardless of stated motivation. Extracted variables included patient age, sex, symptoms, object, location, stated motivation, prior medical history, and management. Categories were compiled in a spreadsheet, summarized as counts and percentages, and the results were visualized using graphs and tables.
RESULTS: A total of 122 reports (151 patients) were analyzed, with 86% male patients, most aged 21-50 (59%). The most common symptoms were dysuria (35%), abdominal/pubic pain (21%), and hematuria (19%). Foreign bodies were most frequently located in the urethra (42.4%) and bladder (30.5%). Autoeroticism was the most commonly recorded motivation (38%); the remaining 62% comprised a range of other or unspecified motivations. X-rays were the most frequently used imaging modality (64%). Management was primarily minimally invasive (45%), though open surgery was required in 39.1% of cases. Most patients (78.1%) experienced no post-procedural complications.
CONCLUSIONS: This review highlights that lower urinary tract foreign body cases predominantly involve male patients and are most commonly associated with autoerotic behavior. Presentations are variable but generally manageable, with minimally invasive approaches frequently effective and low rates of post-procedural complications. These findings support a generally favorable prognosis when appropriately managed. However, the available evidence is limited by its retrospective nature, publication bias, and inconsistent reporting of patient motives and long-term outcomes, underscoring the need for more standardized and comprehensive data collection.