Inferior vena cava filters--percutaneous insertion?

The incidence of deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) among Chinese is much lower than in Caucasians. The total number of inferior vena cava (IVC) filters inserted in regional hospitals in Canada (about 700 beds in Toronto General Hospital) and Hong Kong (about 1,250 beds in Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital) also reflects this. Thirty-six IVC filters were deployed in Toronto General Hospital, compared to 8 IVC filters inserted in Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital from August 1997 to September 1998. Despite this, the physician may encounter patients with thromboembolic disease who require inferior vena cava interruption. The usual indication will be pulmonary embolism with contraindications to, or failure or complications of, anticoagulation therapy. It is important for angiographers to be familiar with the technique of percutaneous insertion of IVC filters. The types of IVC filters, techniques of insertion and guidelines relating to the choice of a filter would be discussed.