Intraoperative management for removal of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava or the right atrium with multiplane transesophageal echocardiography.

BACKGROUND

To investigate the role and impact of multiplane transesophageal echocardiography during thrombectomy in the inferior vena cava or the right atrium.

EXPERIMENTAL

DESIGN

Retrospective.

SETTING

A university hospital.

PARTICIPANTS

Four patients who underwent removal of tumor thrombus in the inferior vena cava (IVC) or the right atrium.

INTERVENTIONS: The medical records of 4 patients and videotapes of these intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography examinations were reviewed.

RESULTS

Before thrombectomy, multiplane transesophageal echocardiography (MTEE) provided excellent IVC long axis view, which offered precise recognition of the cephalic extent of tumor, extent of caval occlusion, characterization of the tumor head. During surgery, MTEE could provide continuous monitoring of cardiac function, cardiac volume, and pulmonary embolism. Moreover, MTEE could provide the useful images of a cannula or the caval occlusion balloon catheter, which facilitated removal of neoplasm extending into the IVC.

CONCLUSIONS

We presented four surgical cases, in which the removal of the tumor extended into the inferior vena cava or the right atrium using MTEE. MTEE could provide valuable information such as excellent images of the tumor, cardiac function, the position of a cannula or the caval occlusion balloon catheter. These findings could improve the anesthetic management of the patients, as well as the surgical approach and technical maneuvers, and facilitate removal of neoplasm into the IVC.