[A case of mediastinal neurilemmoma originating from the intrathoracic vagal nerve].

A case of mediastinal neurilemmoma originating from the left intrathoracic vagal nerve was reported. A 42-year-old female was admitted to our hospital because of evaluation of an abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Both CT and MRI showed that the tumor was located in middle mediastinum between the aortic arch and the left pulmonary artery, and the diagnosis was suspected to be neurilemmoma originating from the intrathoracic vagal nerve. Left standard thoracotomy was performed and the tumor was resected by amputating the vagal trunk. Pathological diagnosis was benign Antoni A and B type neurilemmoma. The postoperative course was uneventful with transient hoarseness. The patient is doing well with no relapse at 4 years 6 months after the operation. Mediastinal neurilemmoma originating from the vagal nerve is rare and we discussed both the diagnosis and the surgical treatment for this disease.