Expert review of anticancer therapy · 2022
Evaluating new treatments for anaplastic thyroid cancer.
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Coca-Pelaz Andrés, Rodrigo Juan P, Lopez Fernando, Shah Jatin P, Silver Carl E, Al Ghuzlan Abir, Menke-van der Houven van Oordt C Willemien, Smallridge Robert C, Shaha Ashok R, Angelos Peter, Mendenhall William M, Piazza Cesare, Olsen Kerry D, Corry June, Tufano Ralph P, Sanabria Alvaro, Nuyts Sandra, Nathan Cherie-Ann, Vander Poorten Vincent, Dias Fernando Luiz, Suarez Carlos, Saba Nabil F, de Graaf Pim, Williams Michelle D, Rinaldo Alessandra, Ferlito Alfio
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is one of the most lethal diseases known to humans with a median survival of 5 months. The American Thyroid Association (ATA) recently published guidelines for the treatment of this dreadful thyroid malignancy.
AREAS COVERED: This review presents the current therapeutic landscape of this challenging disease. We also present the results from trials published over the last five years and summarize currently active clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION: Recent attempts to improve the prognosis of these tumors are moving toward personalized medicine, basing the treatment decision on the specific genetic profile of the individual tumor. The positive results of dabrafenib and trametinib for ATC harboring the BRAF V600E mutation have provided a useful treatment option. For the other genetic profiles, different drugs are available and can be used to individualize the treatment, likely using drug combinations. Combinations of drugs act on different molecular pathways and achieve inhibition at separate areas. With new targeted therapies, average survival has improved considerably and death from local disease progression or airway compromise is less likely with improvement in quality of life. Unfortunately, the results remain poor in terms of survival.
AREAS COVERED: This review presents the current therapeutic landscape of this challenging disease. We also present the results from trials published over the last five years and summarize currently active clinical trials.
EXPERT OPINION: Recent attempts to improve the prognosis of these tumors are moving toward personalized medicine, basing the treatment decision on the specific genetic profile of the individual tumor. The positive results of dabrafenib and trametinib for ATC harboring the BRAF V600E mutation have provided a useful treatment option. For the other genetic profiles, different drugs are available and can be used to individualize the treatment, likely using drug combinations. Combinations of drugs act on different molecular pathways and achieve inhibition at separate areas. With new targeted therapies, average survival has improved considerably and death from local disease progression or airway compromise is less likely with improvement in quality of life. Unfortunately, the results remain poor in terms of survival.