[Guillain-Barré syndrome in hospitals in Togo].

INTRODUCTION

In sub-Saharan Africa characterized by limited resources especially in health facilities and a relatively higher frequency of infectious diseases, studies on Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) are rare.

OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this work are to describe the characteristics of GBS in Togo through a cohort of patients followed in the neurology unit of the Campus University Hospital of Lomé.

METHODOLOGY: The study took place from May 2015 to July 2019. Patients with GBS of levels 1 to 3 of the Brighton criteria for diagnostic certainty were included consecutively and assessed at admission, at 6 months and at 1 year with the GBS disability score and the MRC sum score. Qualitative and quantitative variables were expressed, respectively, in frequency and median (interquartile range).

RESULTS

Out of 7012 hospitalized patients, 28 (0.39%) including 20 women (71%) with a median age of 40 (27-53) years, presented GBS. The clinical presentation mainly consisted of bilateral sensory-motor disorders predominantly in the lower limbs associated with facial diplegia and preceded by an infectious event. On admission, 39% of patients (n=11) were able to walk (GBS score 0 to 3) and the median MRC sum score was 28 (12-38). Cytoalbuminologic dissociation was present in 654% of patients (13 of 20 patients who underwent lumbar puncture). The demyelinating and axonal subtypes each accounted for 47% (9 of 19 patients who underwent an electroneuromyography examination). Immunoglobulins and intravenous corticosteroid therapy were administered in 18% (n=5) and 50% (n=14) of patients, respectively. Lethality rate during hospitalization was 11% (n=3). The median MRC sum score at 6 and 12 month-outcome were 40 (38-49) and 51 (46-58), respectively. After one year of evolution, case fatality rate was 18% (n=5), and 78% of survivors (n=14) could walk without assistance, of which 17% (n=3) were asymptomatic.

CONCLUSION

In Togo, GBS, with a low hospital prevalence, remains a serious condition due to its high morbidity and lethality related to non-optimal treatment and delayed management.