Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2026
The effect of Indian costus (Saussurea lappa) extract on the healing of chemically induced oral ulcer in rats: in vitro and in vivo study with histological evaluation.
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Fansa Hoda A, Sharfeldeen Abd El Rahman M, Baloush Razan Abed A, Majrashi Mohammed Ali A, Elbaz Kamal Rady M, Mansour Mohamed Arafat M, Kandeel Mohamed K, Ebaid Ashraf Elsayed, Elhussiny Mohammed E A, Mohamed Hassan Ali, Alezzi Zaid, Abulwafa Zeinab
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Saussurea lappa (S. lappa) is a plant known for anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-ulcer properties, yet its potential in oral-ulcer healing remains underexplored. This study evaluates the effects of S. lappa extract on oral ulcers using in vitro and in vivo models.
METHODS: Rat tongue epithelial cells received hydroethanolic (70% v/v) S. lappa extract (0-100 µg/mL) for 24, 48, or 72 h; viability (MTT) yielded EC50 at each timepoint. The extract was high-performance liquid chromatography-fingerprinted (costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone). A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model (1 µg/mL, 48 h) was then treated with EC50 doses; dexamethasone 2.5 µM served as drug-positive control (PC). Interleukin-6 (IL-6; pg/mL) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A scratch assay assessed 72-h closure. In vivo, 27 male rats were allocated to naïve (n = 3), PC (n = 12), and S. lappa (n = 12) groups, with Days 7 and 14 endpoints (n = 6 each). Histology evaluated re-epithelialization and collagen area.
RESULTS: S. lappa showed no cytotoxicity across the tested range. It significantly reduced IL-6 versus LPS-only at all timepoints (analysis of variance/Tukey, P < 0.01); at EC50 (72 h), IL-6 did not differ from dexamethasone 2.5 µM (P > 0.05). The extract enhanced in vitro wound closure (higher relative wound density; lower gap width/area). In vivo, S. lappa-treated ulcers showed greater collagen deposition, improved re-epithelialization, and lower ulcer scores than controls at Days 7 and 14.
CONCLUSION: S. lappa shows wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity; future studies incorporating functional and molecular endpoints are warranted to establish effect magnitude and mechanisms.
METHODS: Rat tongue epithelial cells received hydroethanolic (70% v/v) S. lappa extract (0-100 µg/mL) for 24, 48, or 72 h; viability (MTT) yielded EC50 at each timepoint. The extract was high-performance liquid chromatography-fingerprinted (costunolide and dehydrocostus lactone). A lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model (1 µg/mL, 48 h) was then treated with EC50 doses; dexamethasone 2.5 µM served as drug-positive control (PC). Interleukin-6 (IL-6; pg/mL) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A scratch assay assessed 72-h closure. In vivo, 27 male rats were allocated to naïve (n = 3), PC (n = 12), and S. lappa (n = 12) groups, with Days 7 and 14 endpoints (n = 6 each). Histology evaluated re-epithelialization and collagen area.
RESULTS: S. lappa showed no cytotoxicity across the tested range. It significantly reduced IL-6 versus LPS-only at all timepoints (analysis of variance/Tukey, P < 0.01); at EC50 (72 h), IL-6 did not differ from dexamethasone 2.5 µM (P > 0.05). The extract enhanced in vitro wound closure (higher relative wound density; lower gap width/area). In vivo, S. lappa-treated ulcers showed greater collagen deposition, improved re-epithelialization, and lower ulcer scores than controls at Days 7 and 14.
CONCLUSION: S. lappa shows wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activity; future studies incorporating functional and molecular endpoints are warranted to establish effect magnitude and mechanisms.