MiR-181a-5p may regulate cell proliferation and autophagy in myopia and the associated retinopathy.

The mechanism of myopia and the associated retinopathy remains unclear, and dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are implicated in this disease. In this research, we purposed to find out the regulatory function that miRNAs play in myopia and the associated retinopathy. We first performed miRNA microarray analysis in a lens-induced myopia mouse model and found that miR-9-5p, miR-96-5p, miR-182-5p, miR-183-5p, and miR-181a-5p were elevated in the myopic retina. Then, we examined the functions and regulatory mechanisms of miR-181a-5p utilizing the human retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cell line ARPE-19 by overexpressing miR-181a-5p. RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) and qRT-PCR analysis were employed to identify differentially expressed genes after transfection. The qRT‒PCR outcomes, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence indicated that the SGSH expression was significantly hindered through miR-181a-5p overexpression. MiR-181a-5p overexpression has the ability to elevate RPE cell proliferation and induce autophagy by targeting SGSH. We validated the negative influence of miR-181a-5p on the SGSH expression through luciferase reporter assays, which demonstrated its ability to target the 3' untranslated region of SGSH. The reversal of implications of miR-181a-5p overexpression was achieved through SGSH upregulation. We provided novel perspectives into the miR-181a-5p function in regulating myopia development and may serve as a target for therapy and molecular biomarker for myopia.