Hypopharyngeal perforation caused by intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography.

Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) is an invaluable tool for cardiac surgical decision-making. TEE is considered reasonably noninvasive and safe, but insertion and manipulation of the TEE probe can lead to complications. Here, we report a patient with aortic stenosis who experienced TEE-associated hypopharyngeal perforation at the pyriform sinus complicated by esophageal trauma, pneumomediastinum and pneumoretroperitoneum. Based on this case, we suggest that rare complications be kept in mind when using TEE intraoperatively.