Valproate in the treatment of epilepsy in people with intellectual disability.

Valproate is a major broad-spectrum antiepileptic drug effective against many different types of epileptic seizures. Valproate is a first-line drug in the treatment of primary generalized seizures and syndromes, but it is also effective in other seizure and epilepsy types. The possible mechanisms of action and the pharmacokinetics of valproate are outlined. A limited number of studies on the efficacy and safety of valproate treatment in patients with West syndrome and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome have shown that even therapy-resistant people with intellectual disability can benefit from add-on valproate medication. In status epilepticus, valproate can be effective either intravenously, by gastric drip or following rectal administration. Patient tolerance towards valproate is generally good. The most serious adverse effect of valproate include hepatotoxicity and teratogenicity.