Pediatric blood & cancer · 2026
Survival Outcomes and Complications Among Canadian Children With Retinoblastoma: A Population-Based Report From CYP-C.
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Sassine Samuel, Trudeau-Ferrin Ofélie, Laverdière Caroline, Hamel Patrick, Superstein Rosanne, Koukoui Bénédicte, Provost Carole, Nathan Paul C, Ramaswamy Vijay, Shaikh Furqan, Gallie Brenda, Mallipatna Ashwin, Kletke Stephanie, Dimaras Helen, Coltin Hallie
Аннотация
PURPOSE: Retinoblastoma (RB) is the most common pediatric ocular cancer, yet population-based data on survival and risk factors remain limited. This study aimed to describe survival in a large national RB cohort and identify predictors of death and complications.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada database of all children diagnosed with RB from 2001 to 2019. Primary outcomes were 5-year overall survival (OS) and grade 3-4 complications. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations between clinical characteristics and the outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted to estimate time-to-event outcomes.
RESULTS: Among the 484 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 1.2 years (interquartile range: 0.4-2.2). Eight (1.7%) patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and 273 (56.4%) underwent enucleation. Overall, 96.1% of patients in the cohort were alive at last follow-up. The cohort's 5-year OS, as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 94.2% (95% CI 90.8-96.3). Compared with localized disease, metastatic disease was associated with inferior 5-year OS (12.5% vs. 96.2%, p < 0.001). Non-White patients (vs. White patients) had inferior 5-year OS (88.8% vs. 96.3%, p = 0.003). The prevalence of grade 3 and 4 complications was 4.8% across the entire cohort (n = 31 events, n = 23 patients). Eight (1.7%) patients developed grade 3 or 4 hearing loss.
CONCLUSION: This large population-based study reported few complications in children with RB but highlighted key survival disparities among non-White patients and patients with metastatic disease.
METHODS: We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study using the Cancer in Young People in Canada database of all children diagnosed with RB from 2001 to 2019. Primary outcomes were 5-year overall survival (OS) and grade 3-4 complications. Univariate and multivariable regression analyses were performed to assess associations between clinical characteristics and the outcomes. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were conducted to estimate time-to-event outcomes.
RESULTS: Among the 484 patients, the median age at diagnosis was 1.2 years (interquartile range: 0.4-2.2). Eight (1.7%) patients had metastatic disease at diagnosis, and 273 (56.4%) underwent enucleation. Overall, 96.1% of patients in the cohort were alive at last follow-up. The cohort's 5-year OS, as estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method, was 94.2% (95% CI 90.8-96.3). Compared with localized disease, metastatic disease was associated with inferior 5-year OS (12.5% vs. 96.2%, p < 0.001). Non-White patients (vs. White patients) had inferior 5-year OS (88.8% vs. 96.3%, p = 0.003). The prevalence of grade 3 and 4 complications was 4.8% across the entire cohort (n = 31 events, n = 23 patients). Eight (1.7%) patients developed grade 3 or 4 hearing loss.
CONCLUSION: This large population-based study reported few complications in children with RB but highlighted key survival disparities among non-White patients and patients with metastatic disease.