COVID-19 and pneumothorax: a multicentre retrospective case series.
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Martinelli Anthony W, Ingle Tejas, Newman Joseph, Nadeem Iftikhar, Jackson Karl, Lane Nicholas D, Melhorn James, Davies Helen E, Rostron Anthony J, Adeni Aldrin, Conroy Kevin, Woznitza Nick, Matson Matthew, Brill Simon E, Murray James, Shah Amar, Naran Revati, Hare Samanjit S, Collas Oliver, Bigham Sarah, Spiro Michael, Huang Margaret M, Iqbal Beenish, Trenfield Sarah, Ledot Stephane, Desai Sujal, Standing Lewis, Babar Judith, Mahroof Razeen, Smith Ian, Lee Kai, Tchrakian Nairi, Uys Stephanie, Ricketts William, Patel Anant R C, Aujayeb Avinash, Kokosi Maria, Wilkinson Alexander J K, Marciniak Stefan J
Аннотация
METHODS: Cases were collected retrospectively from UK hospitals with inclusion criteria limited to a diagnosis of COVID-19 and the presence of either pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum. Patients included in the study presented between March and June 2020. Details obtained from the medical record included demographics, radiology, laboratory investigations, clinical management and survival.
RESULTS: 71 patients from 16 centres were included in the study, of whom 60 had pneumothoraces (six with pneumomediastinum in addition) and 11 had pneumomediastinum alone. Two of these patients had two distinct episodes of pneumothorax, occurring bilaterally in sequential fashion, bringing the total number of pneumothoraces included to 62. Clinical scenarios included patients who had presented to hospital with pneumothorax, patients who had developed pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum during their inpatient admission with COVID-19 and patients who developed their complication while intubated and ventilated, either with or without concurrent extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Survival at 28 days was not significantly different following pneumothorax (63.1±6.5%) or isolated pneumomediastinum (53.0±18.7%; p=0.854). The incidence of pneumothorax was higher in males. 28-day survival was not different between the sexes (males 62.5±7.7% versus females 68.4±10.7%; p=0.619). Patients aged ≥70 years had a significantly lower 28-day survival than younger individuals (≥70 years 41.7±13.5% survival versus <70 years 70.9±6.8% survival; p=0.018 log-rank).
CONCLUSION: These cases suggest that pneumothorax is a complication of COVID-19. Pneumothorax does not seem to be an independent marker of poor prognosis and we encourage continuation of active treatment where clinically possible.