The journal of contemporary dental practice · 2026
Smear Layer Removal and Dentinal Tubules Penetration of an Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Salvadora persica Combined with Low-concentration Sodium Hypochlorite.
СтатьяНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Kusuma Andina Rp, Ratih Diatri N, Irnawati Dyah, Nuryono Nuryono
Аннотация
AIMS: To evaluate the smear layer removal ability, dentin mineral alteration, and dentinal tubules penetration of an ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) of Salvadora persica (Miswak) at 5 mg/mL, used alone and in combination with 1.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), compared with saline, 2.5% NaOCl, and EDTA.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty human single-rooted premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were prepared using rotary instrumentation. Specimens were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 10): saline (negative control), FEA miswak (5 mg/mL), FEA miswak + 1.25% NaOCl, and EDTA (positive control). Smear layer removal was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a four-grade ordinal scoring system, and dentinal mineral content was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Dentinal tubule penetration was assessed by crystal violet bleaching depth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons for smear layer scores and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for penetration depth.
RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among irrigation groups in smear layer removal (p < 0.05). The FEA miswak + NaOCl group showed smear layer scores comparable to EDTA (p > 0.05), while FEA miswak alone performed significantly better than saline. Dentinal tubules penetration differed significantly between groups (p < 0.05), with mean penetration depths (µm) as follows: Saline at 84.55 ± 33.71 μm, 2.5% NaOCl at 163.82 ± 32.92 μm, FEA miswak + NaOCl at 201.39 ± 24.61 μm, and FEA miswak alone at 212.71 ± 37.76 μm. No significant differences were found between NaOCl, FEA miswak, and FEA miswak + NaOCl (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The FEA miswak, particularly when combined with low-concentration NaOCl, demonstrated smear layer removal comparable to EDTA and enhanced dentinal tubules penetration, with minimal mineral alteration.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional root canal irrigation requires multiple solutions, is time-consuming, and risks dentin over demineralization. This study addresses the clinical need for simplified, multifunctional irrigants that maintain efficacy while preserving dentin integrity. The FEA miswak + low-concentration NaOCl combination offers translational potential as a single-dose root canal irrigant, potentially reducing chair time and adverse tissue effects in endodontic practice.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty human single-rooted premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were prepared using rotary instrumentation. Specimens were randomly allocated into four groups (n = 10): saline (negative control), FEA miswak (5 mg/mL), FEA miswak + 1.25% NaOCl, and EDTA (positive control). Smear layer removal was evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a four-grade ordinal scoring system, and dentinal mineral content was analyzed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Dentinal tubule penetration was assessed by crystal violet bleaching depth. Statistical analysis was performed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-hoc comparisons for smear layer scores and one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni correction for penetration depth.
RESULTS: Significant differences were observed among irrigation groups in smear layer removal (p < 0.05). The FEA miswak + NaOCl group showed smear layer scores comparable to EDTA (p > 0.05), while FEA miswak alone performed significantly better than saline. Dentinal tubules penetration differed significantly between groups (p < 0.05), with mean penetration depths (µm) as follows: Saline at 84.55 ± 33.71 μm, 2.5% NaOCl at 163.82 ± 32.92 μm, FEA miswak + NaOCl at 201.39 ± 24.61 μm, and FEA miswak alone at 212.71 ± 37.76 μm. No significant differences were found between NaOCl, FEA miswak, and FEA miswak + NaOCl (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: The FEA miswak, particularly when combined with low-concentration NaOCl, demonstrated smear layer removal comparable to EDTA and enhanced dentinal tubules penetration, with minimal mineral alteration.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Conventional root canal irrigation requires multiple solutions, is time-consuming, and risks dentin over demineralization. This study addresses the clinical need for simplified, multifunctional irrigants that maintain efficacy while preserving dentin integrity. The FEA miswak + low-concentration NaOCl combination offers translational potential as a single-dose root canal irrigant, potentially reducing chair time and adverse tissue effects in endodontic practice.