State of the art: Transcatheter tricuspid valve intervention.

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) has a community prevalence of 3%, which increases with age and affects up to 7% of elderly patients. TR is secondary (functional) in 90% of cases (usually resulting from left heart disease and/or pulmonary hypertension), although atrial dilatation is an increasingly recognised cause. Awareness of the poor prognosis associated with increasing TR severity has refocused the quest for effective treatments. Surgical intervention has been hindered by high in-hospital mortality (up to 10%), even in carefully selected cases, and transcatheter tricuspid valve interventions (TTVIs) have emerged as a low-risk alternative for this high-risk cohort. Increasing data demonstrate the clinical safety and efficacy of TTVIs, but uncertainties remain concerning optimal case selection and procedural timing. Herein, we review newly established techniques alongside emerging clinical and procedural outcome data.