Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026
Tactile sensation moderates the association between hand dexterity and higher-level cognition in older adults with and without MCI.
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Kobayashi-Cuya Kimi Estela, Sakurai Ryota, Ogawa Susumu, Matsunaga Hiroko, Hinakura Keigo, Yoshikoshi Shun, Li Yan, Nishinakagawa Maki, Suzuki Hiroyuki
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Tactile sensation and hand dexterity decline with age and are associated with later-life cognition, yet it remains unclear whether tactile sensation moderates the strength of hand motor-cognitive associations. This cross-sectional study examines whether tactile sensation moderates the association between hand dexterity and higher-level cognition (executive function and processing speed) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults and those with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and whether moderation patterns differ between these groups.
METHODS: Participants were 132 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 (female = 79; mean age = 73.3 ± 5.2). MCI was defined by MMSE ≥ 24 and MoCA ≤ 25. Executive function was assessed with Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B) and letter fluency (LFT); processing speed with TMT-A, Digit Symbol, and category fluency (CFT). Hand dexterity and tactile sensation were measured using the Purdue Pegboard Test and Weinstein-Semmes monofilaments. Moderation analyses tested the interaction between dexterity and tactile sensation, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates.
RESULTS: Tactile sensation significantly moderated the association between hand dexterity and executive function and processing speed, with stronger dexterity-cognition associations among older adults with intact tactile sensation (TMT-B p < 0.05; LFT p < 0.05; TMT-A p < 0.01). No moderation was observed for Digit Symbol or CFT. The three-way interaction with cognitive group was not significant, indicating comparable patterns across groups. Stratified analyses showed a significant LFT interaction in the CN group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Older adults with intact tactile sensation showed stronger hand dexterity-cognitive associations, highlighting sensorimotor integrity as relevant for early screening and functional evaluation. Stratified patterns suggest possible cognitive group differences that merit further study.
METHODS: Participants were 132 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥ 60 (female = 79; mean age = 73.3 ± 5.2). MCI was defined by MMSE ≥ 24 and MoCA ≤ 25. Executive function was assessed with Trail Making Test-B (TMT-B) and letter fluency (LFT); processing speed with TMT-A, Digit Symbol, and category fluency (CFT). Hand dexterity and tactile sensation were measured using the Purdue Pegboard Test and Weinstein-Semmes monofilaments. Moderation analyses tested the interaction between dexterity and tactile sensation, adjusting for demographic and health-related covariates.
RESULTS: Tactile sensation significantly moderated the association between hand dexterity and executive function and processing speed, with stronger dexterity-cognition associations among older adults with intact tactile sensation (TMT-B p < 0.05; LFT p < 0.05; TMT-A p < 0.01). No moderation was observed for Digit Symbol or CFT. The three-way interaction with cognitive group was not significant, indicating comparable patterns across groups. Stratified analyses showed a significant LFT interaction in the CN group (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: Older adults with intact tactile sensation showed stronger hand dexterity-cognitive associations, highlighting sensorimotor integrity as relevant for early screening and functional evaluation. Stratified patterns suggest possible cognitive group differences that merit further study.