Comparative evaluation of microneedling technique and diode laser in gingival depigmentation: A prospective randomized study.

BACKGROUND

Gingival hyperpigmentation due to increased melanocyte activity is a common esthetic concern. Although several depigmentation techniques exist, recurrence remains a clinical challenge. Minimally invasive approaches such as diode laser and microneedling with ascorbic acid have gained attention. Aim: To compare gingival re-pigmentation following depigmentation using diode laser and microneedling with ascorbic acid.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

This randomized controlled study included 32 systemically healthy patients (DOPI 1). Participants were allocated into Group A (diode laser, 940 nm) and Group B (microneedling with topical ascorbic acid). Clinical parameters-Visible Plaque Index (VPI), Modified Gingival Index (MGI), and Dummett-Gupta Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI)-were recorded at baseline, 3, 6, and 12 months. Pain was assessed using VAS.

RESULTS

Both groups showed significant reductions in DOPI from baseline to 12 months (p = 0.0001). Near-complete depigmentation was observed at 3 months, with mild re-pigmentation at 12 months (0.42 ± 0.34 and 0.47 ± 0.22), without significant intergroup differences (p > 0.05). Microneedling showed higher 24-hour VAS scores, but pain resolved in both groups by day 7. VPI and MGI improved significantly in both groups (p = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

Both modalities are effective, safe, and cost-effective, with comparable long-term outcomes. Diode laser demonstrated lower immediate postoperative discomfort.