[Age-related stiffness: can stretching improve function and autonomy in older adults?].

INTRODUCTION

Aging is associated with progressive changes in the musculoskeletal system, contributing to reduced joint mobility, flexibility, and motor function. These alterations may compromise autonomy in older adults, favoring musculoskeletal pain, functional limitations, and increased risk of falls. In this context, stretching is commonly included in adapted physical activity and rehabilitation programs for older individuals.

OBJECTIVE

To critically analyze the available evidence regarding the usefulness of stretching in older adults, with particular focus on joint mobility, physical function, pain, and functional autonomy.

METHODS

A narrative review of the literature was conducted by consulting databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Cochrane Library, prioritizing clinical guidelines, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and consensus statements, complemented by relevant clinical studies investigating the effects of stretching in older adults. Particular attention was paid to studies addressing static stretching, dynamic stretching, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation, with emphasis on clinically and functionally relevant outcomes.

RESULTS

Available evidence suggests relatively consistent benefits of stretching on range of motion and flexibility. Some studies also report favorable effects on perceived stiffness, musculoskeletal pain, and selected aspects of motor function. However, findings regarding improvements in overall functional performance, balance, and fall prevention remain less consistent.

CONCLUSIONS

Stretching does not appear to represent a stand-alone intervention for maintaining physical function in older adults, but it may be considered a complementary component within multicomponent exercise programs. Its clinical usefulness seems greater when the aim is to improve joint mobility, perceived stiffness, and movement quality, particularly in subjects with reduced mobility or baseline functional limitations.