[Massive acute hydrothorax secondary to peritoneal dialysis in a hemolytic uremic syndrome. Report of a case].

Massive acute hydrothorax (MAH) is a severe and unusual noninfectious complication of peritoneal dialysis (PD). It can lead to acute respiratory failure and may diminish the effectiveness of the dialytic therapy. Many therapeutic strategies for this complication are employed, ranging from conservative methods like reduction of the volume of the dialysate and the transitory interruption of the PD, to more aggressive therapies as the closure of diaphragmatic defects by videothoracoscopy with or without pleurodesis. Herein, we report a two years old girl that developed acute renal failure due to an hemolytic uremic syndrome. She underwent PD and developed MAH. PD was temporarily ceased and continuous veno-venous hemofiltration was started. After 8 days, PD was resumed uneventfully. The temporary interruption of the PD was an effective measure to avoid the recurrence of the MAH.