Type 2 diabetes mellitus remission following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy and hindgut-based procedure: a retrospective multicenter study.

Sleeve gastrectomy (SG) is considered the standard bariatric surgery due to its excellent outcomes. However, in patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), SG alone carries a high risk of metabolic failure. To achieve better metabolic results, SG can be combined with either foregut- or hindgut-based procedures, although a direct comparison between these approaches is lacking. In this retrospective study, we compared the bariatric and metabolic effects of SG (n = 20 patients) with SG associated with duodenal diversion and ileal interposition (SG-DD-II) (n = 20), SG associated with duodenal-ileal anastomosis (SADI-S) (n = 20), and SG associated with single gastro-ileal anastomosis (SASI-S) (n = 20). Patient data, including anthropometric measurements and T2DM characteristics, were extracted from our database. The evaluation criteria included weight loss (% excess weight loss), fasting glycemia (FGL), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C) percentage, and T2DM remission rates. Our statistical analysis (p < 0.05) revealed that shortly after surgery, all procedures demonstrated acceptable outcomes in terms of weight loss and T2DM remission. However, after 3 and 5 years post-surgery, the T2DM relapse rate was significantly higher following SG alone compared to hindgut-based operations. In patients with obesity and T2DM, we recommend combining SG with a hindgut-based procedure to reduce the long-term relapse rate.