[Dissection of vertebral artery: report of a case and review of the literature].

Vertebral artery dissection seems to be a frequent cause of stroke in young adults. We report a 34 years old female that suffered a cardiac arrest while practicing aerobics, with complete recovery and four months later developed an acute Wallenberg's syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging showed an infarction in the right posterolateral medulla oblongata and in the right cerebellar hemisphere. Angiography revealed an occlusion of the third segment (V3) of the right vertebral artery which was hypoplastic. The patient was anticoagulated with a favorable clinical outcome. A follow up angiography, performed six months later, showed an incomplete recanalization of the vessel. Vertebral artery dissection should be suspected in every patient with ischemic symptoms or signs related to the vertebrobasilar territory, specially in young or middle aged patients with a history of trauma. Magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound-doppler examinations are the diagnostic test of choice.