Emerging mechanisms of ILC2-neuronal crosstalk across the body.

Emerging roles of ILC2 in neuronal crosstalk across organs. In a series of studies published in 2025, ILC2 were shown to regulate nervous system function across a range of organs across the body. Within the intestinal tract, ILC2-derived cytokines acted on enteric neurons to orchestrate immunity to helminths (Wang et al). Intestinal ILC2 are triggered to migrate to the pancreas via enteric neuronal-derived norepinephrine (NE), with pancreatic ILC2 mediating key roles in glucose homeostasis (Sestan et al). ILC2-derived cytokines in the dorsal root ganglia of the sciatic nerve controlled neurosensation to regulate gait and locomotor function (Deshpande et al), while in the central nervous system, ILC2 responses modulated neuronal synapse formation in early life to promote learning and memory (Steffen et al). In the context of stroke and neurotrauma, the ILC2 axis promoted tissue repair via actions on local stem cells (Liu et al). Together, these studies highlighted the emerging role of ILC2 neuroimmune crosstalk in health and disease.