medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026
Evidence for bilingualism as a cognitive reserve factor in biomarker-confirmed Alzheimer's disease.
СтатьяПрепринтНазвание и аннотация: Перевод пока не подготовлен
Обработка статьи · этапы, ошибки и управление
Загрузка состояния…
Ошибки и ограничения
История · было → стало
Состояние обновляется каждые 5 секунд, пока блок открыт. Процент показывается только там, где известен объём работы. Пауза останавливает продолжение этапа; текущий запрос к источнику может завершиться.
Grasso Stephanie M, Bao Wenfu, Marqués-Kiderle Sonia Karin, Casart Muñoz Natalia, Calabria Marco, Sala Isabel, Sánchez-Saudinós Maria Belén, Vera-Campuzano Elena, Selma-González Judit, Videla Laura, Vaqué-Alcázar Lídia, Bejanin Alexandre, García-Castro Jesús, Rodríguez-Baz Íñigo, Zhu Nuole, Arranz Javier, Maure-Blesa Lucia, Rubio-Guerra Sara, Barroeta Isabel, Illan-Gala Ignacio, Carmona-Iragui Maria, Belbin Olivia, Alcolea Daniel, Fortea Juan, Lleó Alberto, Santos Santos Miguel Ángel
Аннотация
INTRODUCTION: Bilingualism is a proposed cognitive reserve factor that delays symptom onset in Alzheimer's disease (AD), though current evidence lacks biomarker confirmation. This retrospective study examined bilingualism's association with symptom onset across AD clinical stages, including biomarker-confirmed cases.
METHODS: Participants from the Sant Pau Memory Unit spanning amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), amnestic dementia, and biomarker-confirmed AD were analyzed, with balanced representation of active and passive Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Linear regression models evaluated associations between bilingualism and reported age at symptom onset, controlling for education, sex, and disease severity.
RESULTS: Active bilingualism was associated with delayed symptom onset in amnestic MCI (2.21 years), amnestic dementia (1.42 years), and biomarker-confirmed AD (1.45 years; ps < .05). Higher education was associated with earlier onset, likely representing healthcare seeking behavior.
DISCUSSION: Bilingualism protects against earlier symptom manifestation in MCI and AD, supporting bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve.
METHODS: Participants from the Sant Pau Memory Unit spanning amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI), amnestic dementia, and biomarker-confirmed AD were analyzed, with balanced representation of active and passive Spanish-Catalan bilinguals. Linear regression models evaluated associations between bilingualism and reported age at symptom onset, controlling for education, sex, and disease severity.
RESULTS: Active bilingualism was associated with delayed symptom onset in amnestic MCI (2.21 years), amnestic dementia (1.42 years), and biomarker-confirmed AD (1.45 years; ps < .05). Higher education was associated with earlier onset, likely representing healthcare seeking behavior.
DISCUSSION: Bilingualism protects against earlier symptom manifestation in MCI and AD, supporting bilingualism as a contributor to cognitive reserve.