Anxiety and Depression Outcomes in Liver Transplant Candidates and Recipients Using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale.

OBJECTIVES

Liver transplantation is a life-saving treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease, but it is associated with significant psychological burdens, including anxiety and depression. This study aimed to evaluate the anxiety and depression of this population using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and to identify associated demographic and clinical factors.

METHODS

This study included 113 liver transplant candidates and recipients. Anxiety and depression were assessed using the HADS with an anonymous questionairre. Subgroup analyses were conducted based on transplant status, donor type, gender, age, body mass index, education level, and antidepressant use.

RESULTS

The mean overall HADS score was 11.16. Although female participants showed slightly higher mean anxiety, depression, and overall HADS scores, the differences were not statistically significant. Generation Z had the highest anxiety scores (significantly greater than Generation X, P = .048, and Baby Boomers, P = .034), while Baby Boomers had the highest, albeit non-significant, depression scores. Education level and BMI categories showed no significant group differences. Individuals taking antidepressants had significantly elevated anxiety (P = .044) and overall HADS (P = .026) scores. Among candidates, having a confirmed living donor was associated with significantly lower depression (P = .034) and overall HADS (P = .043). Time since transplantation showed no significant correlation with psychological outcomes.

CONCLUSIONS

Psychological distress is prevalent among liver transplant candidates and recipients, and it has a substantial impact on morbidity and mortality. Raising awareness for the recognition of the psychological aspect of transplantation is critical to improve mental health and clinical outcomes in this population.