The hope theory and specific learning disorders and/or attention deficit disorders (SLD/ADHD): Developmental perspectives.

Research on disabilities has generally used a deficit-oriented approach. However, the recent appreciation of the personal strengths and positive traits of the disabled has raised awareness of them as empowering and activating factors. According to the hope theory, the ability to embrace future perspectives, set meaningful goals, and plan specific paths to reach these goals predict well-being and adjustment. We review the research on the role of hope in the lives of individuals with SLD/ADHD from a developmental perspective. We investigate hope as a resource in predicting these people's ability to deal with personal risks through developmental stages and contextual conditions. We conclude by proposing future research and intervention directions.