The impact of triglyceride-glucose index on short-term prognosis in patients with acute myocarditis.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate the association between the triglyceride-glucose index (TyG) and Short-Term Prognosis in patients with acute myocarditis, addressing the knowledge gap on the TyG index in this patient cohort.

METHODS: In this cohort study, clinical data were retrospectively gathered from adults with acute myocarditis across three hospital districts-Zhongfa District, Guanggu District, and Qiaokou District of Tongji Hospital. The primary outcome measured was In-hospital Mortality. Non-linear relationships were assessed through restricted cubic spline (RCS) regression and U-test analyses. The impact of the TyG index on prognosis was evaluated using generalized linear models with a logit link function. Subgroup analyses were conducted across different age, gender, smoking, drinking, and comorbidity categories.

RESULTS: A total of 1,373 patients were included in the study. Various cardiac morphological and functional indices, such as pericardial effusion, ventricular wall motion abnormalities, atrial enlargement, mitral stenosis/insufficiency, tricuspid stenosis/insufficiency, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, and pleural effusion, exhibited significant changes with increasing TyG index levels (all P < 0.05). The TyG index emerged as an independent risk factor for In-hospital Mortality among acute myocarditis patients (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 2.266 (95% CI: 1.681-3.055), P < 0.001), and RCS regression demonstrated a non-linear relationship with In-hospital Mortality (P for non-linearity < 0.001). Elevated or reduced TyG levels were associated with increased In-hospital Mortality (U-test P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses found no interaction effect in the correlation between the TyG index and In-hospital Mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: Extremes in TyG levels, whether high or low, are linked to elevated In-hospital Mortality in patients with acute myocarditis.