Evaluating the relationship between oropharyngeal airway volume and risk of sleep apnea: A cone-beam computed tomography study.

BACKGROUND

The aim of this study was to compare oropharyngeal airway measurements among high- and low-risk individuals for obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

MATERIALS AND

METHODS

In this cross-sectional study on patients referred for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging before dental implant surgery, inclusion criteria were individuals aged >30 years, Class I occlusion, without anomalies of the head and neck, dentulous individuals, systemically healthy, and without defects in the airways. The exclusion criteria were individuals whose responses to the study questionnaires did not match that of their companions and images with artifacts. These patients and their relatives/housemates were requested to fill in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Berlin questionnaires. Based on the answers, the patients were classified as high-risk groups, and patients formed low-risk groups. CBCT images were obtained with 85 kVp and 35 mAs and analyzed using ITK-Snap and Mimics. Oropharyngeal airway volume, minimum cross-sectional area, both mesiodistal and anterior-posterior distances in the same axial cut, and linear length between the posterior pharyngeal wall and nasal spine/soft palate/tongue on the midsagittal slice were measured. The level of significance was considered 0.05 for the independent samples t-test and Chi-square test. Pearson's correlation coefficient was chosen to discover correlations between CBCT measurements and patients' age, body mass index (BMI), and neck circumference.

RESULTS

In total, 32 individuals participated with a mean age of 50.2 and 53.2 years in the high-risk and low-risk groups, respectively. Ten females and six males comprised the high-risk group, and eight females and eight males formed the low-risk group. Higher BMI and neck circumference existed in the high-risk group, and they both showed a direct relationship with the Epworth score. Oropharyngeal measurements presented significant differences between the two groups, except for the distance between the base of the tongue and the posterior pharyngeal wall (P = 0.86).

CONCLUSION

Oropharyngeal airway volume and minimal cross-sectional area can be used as a predictor for obstructive sleep apnea, and CBCT imaging is beneficial for this purpose.