A report of a successfully treated case of ABPA in an HIV-infected individual.

Aspergillus fumigatus is a ubiquitous fungus responsible for a variety of pulmonary diseases, ranging from infection of a pre-existing cavity as in aspergilloma to highly invasive disease in immunocompromised hosts. Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a hypersensitivity response mounted against antigens of A. fumigatus manifesting as poorly controlled asthma and bronchiectasis. Although ABPA is not uncommon, occurrence of ABPA in HIV-affected individuals is distinctly rare. We describe the occurrence of ABPA in a 35-year-old woman with poorly controlled asthma since childhood and HIV-1 infection of 11 years duration. This is the second documented case of ABPA in a HIV-affected individual, and the first reported case to be successfully managed with antifungal therapy alone. We also discuss the complex management issues involved in treating ABPA in HIV-affected individuals.