Evaluating the risk factors for bone cement implantation syndrome in hip surgeries - A cross sectional observational study.

Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is a serious complication seen in cemented hip surgeries, causing hypoxia, hypotension and cardiovascular collapse but Indian studies on risk factors are limited. In this prospective study of 50 patients at MGM Medical College Indore, BCIS occurred in 20% cases (n=10), mostly mild Grade 1 (80%). Elderly patients (mean age 77.7 ± 4.6 years, p=0.001), ASA grade 3 (p=0.001), COPD (40%, p=0.001), hypertension (70%, p=0.012) and long-stem prosthesis (60%, p=0.006) showed higher risk. BCIS patients had significant fall in heart rate, BP and oxygen levels within first 30 minutes of cement insertion, needing urgent vasopressors and steroids. Gender, diabetes and fracture type were not linked to BCIS, highlighting the need for early identification and close monitoring in high-risk groups.