Levels of Regulatory Proteins Associated With Cell Proliferation in Endometria From Untreated Patients Having Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With and Without Endometrial Hyperplasia.

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) has been associated with endometrial hyperplasia and cancer. The aim of this study was to establish whether the expression of proliferation regulatory proteins in the endometria of patients having PCOS, with or without hyperplasia, differs from control women. Control endometria (CE), patients having PCOS without and with endometrial hyperplasia (PCOSE and HPCOSE, respectively), and that of women with endometrial hyperplasia (HE) were used. The phosphorylated estrogen receptor form (pERα), similar to mother against decapentaplegic (SMAD) 2, SMAD3, and SMAD4, vascular epithelial growth factor (VEGF), and phosphorylated SMAD (pSMAD) 2 and pSMAD3 were detected by immunohistochemistry or Western blot. The results show higher levels of pERα in HE versus CE (P < .05), while higher VEGF levels were found in PCOSE and HE (P < .05) compared to CE; SMAD2 diminished in HE (P < .05) versus CE. Consequently, the higher levels of VEGF and pERα in PCOSE could represent early changes in the progression of PCOSE toward hyperplasia and cancer, whereas changes observed in SMAD proteins support the differential origin of the pathologies of HPCOSE and HE.