Percutaneous techniques for mitral valve disease.

Over the past 25 years we have witnessed the development of transcatheter techniques for treatment of valvular heart disease. For several years, percutaneous balloon valvuloplasty has been used to treat stenotic valvular disease, including pulmonary stenosis, rheumatic mitral stenosis, tricuspid stenosis, and, sometimes, congenital aortic stenosis. However, major advancements in transcatheter valve repair and replacement have revolutionized progress. Preliminary results of ongoing studies show promise in the percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation. This article covers established percutaneous techniques for treatment of mitral stenosis and reviews major recent advancements in the percutaneous treatment of mitral regurgitation.