Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2026
Modified essential frailty toolset for risk stratification in transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve repair.
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Schäfer Matthieu, Metze Clemens, Hasse Caroline F, Althoff Jan, Gietzen Thorsten, Finke Karl, von Stein Jennifer, von Stein Philipp, Wrobel Jan, Nies Richard J, Kural Merve, Iliadis Christos, Halbach Marcel, Baldus Stephan, Polidori M Cristina, Körber Maria I, Pfister Roman
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend frailty assessment for risk stratification of candidates for transcatheter mitral and tricuspid valve repair (TMTVR), but it remains unclear which frailty score is most appropriate.
METHODS: In a retrospective monocentric analysis of patients who received TMTVR, a modified version of the essential frailty toolset (EFT) was calculated from four categories: gait speed, cognitive impairment, hemoglobin, and serum albumin. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between EFT frailty and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 206 patients were analyzed; median age was 76 [72-82] years, and 55% were male. According to the EFT, 49 patients (24%) were non-frail, 127 patients (62%) were pre-frail, and 30 patients (15%) were frail. Estimated survival at 2 years was 88 ± 5% for non-frail patients, 74 ± 5% for pre-frail patients, and 62 ± 10% for frail patients, with a hazard ratio of 1.54 (95% CI 1.16-2.04; p = 0.003) per standard deviation of EFT score. This association remained virtually unchanged when adjusted for other risk factors and Fried physical frailty, but disappeared when adjusted for the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI), which is based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment. A stepwise approach using EFT in all patients and MPI only in pre-frail EFT patients resulted in two risk categories with a 4.4-fold (95% CI 2.3-9.4) difference in 2-year mortality between categories.
CONCLUSIONS: The EFT has prognostic value for patients undergoing TMTVR. Due to its simplicity, the EFT could serve as a first-line frailty assessment tool to guide therapeutic decision-making, potentially in a stepwise approach with MPI.
METHODS: In a retrospective monocentric analysis of patients who received TMTVR, a modified version of the essential frailty toolset (EFT) was calculated from four categories: gait speed, cognitive impairment, hemoglobin, and serum albumin. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine the association between EFT frailty and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS: A total of 206 patients were analyzed; median age was 76 [72-82] years, and 55% were male. According to the EFT, 49 patients (24%) were non-frail, 127 patients (62%) were pre-frail, and 30 patients (15%) were frail. Estimated survival at 2 years was 88 ± 5% for non-frail patients, 74 ± 5% for pre-frail patients, and 62 ± 10% for frail patients, with a hazard ratio of 1.54 (95% CI 1.16-2.04; p = 0.003) per standard deviation of EFT score. This association remained virtually unchanged when adjusted for other risk factors and Fried physical frailty, but disappeared when adjusted for the multidimensional prognostic index (MPI), which is based on a comprehensive geriatric assessment. A stepwise approach using EFT in all patients and MPI only in pre-frail EFT patients resulted in two risk categories with a 4.4-fold (95% CI 2.3-9.4) difference in 2-year mortality between categories.
CONCLUSIONS: The EFT has prognostic value for patients undergoing TMTVR. Due to its simplicity, the EFT could serve as a first-line frailty assessment tool to guide therapeutic decision-making, potentially in a stepwise approach with MPI.