Onslaught of the silver tsunami: cognitive impairment and frailty in older patients undergoing surgery.

Cognitive impairment and frailty are common and frequently coexist among older patients undergoing surgery, and each independently predicts adverse postoperative outcomes. Yet, both remain under-recognised and their combined perioperative impact is poorly understood. The retrospective cohort study by Weiss and colleagues used the Mini-Cog and Clinical Frailty Scale to highlight a 24% incidence of postoperative delirium among patients with both cognitive impairment and frailty, compared to 4% among patients with neither condition. Cognitive impairment emerged as a consistent predictor of delirium across the post-anaesthesia care unit and ward settings, whereas frailty was more closely associated with prolonged hospital length of stay, suggesting the two measures capture complementary dimensions of perioperative vulnerability. Screening for both conditions could provide a practical approach to identify patients most likely to benefit from targeted, multimodal interventions. Further research is needed on cognitive frailty in the perioperative setting.