[Fatal outcome of a congenital aneurysm of the right sinus valsalvae ruptured into the right atrium].

In a 24-year-old female patient with sudden collapse an acute tricuspid insufficiency was presumed by echocardiography after the exclusion of pulmonary embolism. Aortography, however, revealed an aneurysm of the right sinus of Valsalva which had ruptured into the right atrium. Despite emergency surgery the patient died in protracted cardiac shock. Biopsy and autopsy showed pathognomonic findings of a congenital aneurysm (medial degeneration, reduction of elastic lamellae). Aneurysms of the sinuses of Valsalva are mainly caused by a rare connatal defect of the aortic wall; the right aortic sinus is involved most frequently, the sudden rupture uncovers the lesion. The characteristics of the reported case are compared with the literature under special consideration of etiology and pathologic anatomy of this unusual entity.