Vaccine · 2025
Kinetics and seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in vaccinated and unvaccinated health workers in Bamako, Mali, November 2021-February 2023.
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Balam Saidou, Kane Fousseyni, Traore Bourama, Konate Drissa, Diallo Fatimata A, Dolo Housseini, Somboro Anou Moise, Kodio Ousmane, Togo Antieme Combo Georges, Diarra Bassirou, Incandela Nathan C, Diallo Fatoumata, Traore Abdouramane, Kante Salimata, Guindo Merepen Dite Agnes, Kouriba Bourema, Coulibaly Yaya Ibrahim, Faye Ousmane, Doumbia Seydou, Diakite Mahamadou
Аннотация
BACKGROUND: This prospective study aimed to evaluate the dynamics and seroprevalence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in a cohort of vaccinated and unvaccinated health workers (HWs) in Bamako, Mali. The study also measured antibody responses as a function of SARS-CoV-2 infections, socio-demography, vaccination status and associated comorbidities.
METHOD: 685 vaccinated and 413 unvaccinated HWs (total = 1098) were monitored over a 15-month periods with follow-up visits every 3 months for the first 6 months and a final visit after 15 months. Anti-spike and anti-nucleoprotein antibodies were assessed using ELISA. Non-parametric tests and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare antibody levels and to investigate associated factors.
RESULTS: Overall, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tended to increase over the first 3 months in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Spike (>98 %) and nucleoprotein (>91 %) antibodies remained high and relatively stable after 3 months and correlated inversely with the rate attack of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19. Males demonstrated lower antibody responses, particularly for nucleoprotein (p < 0.05) compared to females. HWs with comorbidities demonstrated higher antibody responses. Participants with active SARS-CoV-2 infections exhibited decreased antibody levels. Vaccinated participants exhibited a trend toward higher spike antibodies. Virus-inactivated type vaccination increased nucleoprotein antibodies. Furthermore, there was no increase of antibody levels after receiving, two or more vaccine doses, independently of whether the same or a different type of used vaccines. Nucleoprotein antibodies varied significantly at inclusion among participants across blood groups.
CONCLUSION: This study identified a progressive increase in anti-spike and anti-nucleoprotein antibodies in both vaccinated and unvaccinated HWs, correlating with reduced COVID-19 infection rates. These findings highlight the significance of both natural and vaccine-induced immunity and the need to assess antibody levels and long-term protection beyond the 15-month study period.
METHOD: 685 vaccinated and 413 unvaccinated HWs (total = 1098) were monitored over a 15-month periods with follow-up visits every 3 months for the first 6 months and a final visit after 15 months. Anti-spike and anti-nucleoprotein antibodies were assessed using ELISA. Non-parametric tests and logistic regression analyses were performed to compare antibody levels and to investigate associated factors.
RESULTS: Overall, anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies tended to increase over the first 3 months in both vaccinated and unvaccinated groups. Spike (>98 %) and nucleoprotein (>91 %) antibodies remained high and relatively stable after 3 months and correlated inversely with the rate attack of symptomatic and asymptomatic COVID-19. Males demonstrated lower antibody responses, particularly for nucleoprotein (p < 0.05) compared to females. HWs with comorbidities demonstrated higher antibody responses. Participants with active SARS-CoV-2 infections exhibited decreased antibody levels. Vaccinated participants exhibited a trend toward higher spike antibodies. Virus-inactivated type vaccination increased nucleoprotein antibodies. Furthermore, there was no increase of antibody levels after receiving, two or more vaccine doses, independently of whether the same or a different type of used vaccines. Nucleoprotein antibodies varied significantly at inclusion among participants across blood groups.
CONCLUSION: This study identified a progressive increase in anti-spike and anti-nucleoprotein antibodies in both vaccinated and unvaccinated HWs, correlating with reduced COVID-19 infection rates. These findings highlight the significance of both natural and vaccine-induced immunity and the need to assess antibody levels and long-term protection beyond the 15-month study period.