P-selectin and E-selectin: Key macromolecules in thrombus formation and resolution.

Globally, deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is one of the major preventable causes of mortality and morbidity. Due to the paucity of objective clinical examination findings and non-specific subjective complaints, optimal modalities for the diagnosis of DVT remain unclear. Two adhesion molecules that are engaged in thrombus formation and inflammation, P- and E-selectins, have shown a potential to serve as excellent biomarkers for the early detection of DVT. The review investigates the contribution of these selectins to thrombosis and their use as diagnostic biomarkers and molecular imaging agents. The combination of selectin-targeted imaging modalities, including positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), provides real-time, non-invasive detection of thrombus development, making it possible to diagnose earlier than with conventional imaging procedures. The review highlights the possibility of increasing DVT sensitivity and specificity detection with the aid of selectin-based diagnostics. The involvement of selectins in resolving thrombi and inhibiting recurrent thrombus formation is also touched upon, with potential implications for therapy. Further research should aim to develop these imaging techniques further, enhance the specificity of selectin measurements, and create targeted therapies that suppress DVT recurrence. Selectin-based approaches may drive toward individualized treatment protocols, enhancing clinical outcomes in DVT patients.